Everything you need to know about heatstroke in dogs
While our dogs adore the sunshine and outdoor summer playtime, it's vital for pet parents to understand the ins and outs of heatstroke in dogs. Read on for a full guide to heatstroke in dogs, with everything from signs of dog heatstroke to how to treat and prevent it.
What is heatstroke in dogs?
Dog heatstroke occurs when a dog's body temperature rises to a dangerous level due to an inability to dissipate heat effectively. Dogs are less efficient at regulating their body temperature than humans, making them more susceptible to overheating, especially in hot and humid conditions. So, how hot is too hot for dogs? When a dog's internal temperature exceeds the normal range of around 38 to 39 degrees Celsius, various physiological processes can be disrupted, leading to organ failure and, in severe cases, death.
Symptoms of heatstroke in dogs
Some signs of heatstroke in dogs may be subtle, and delayed symptoms can escalate rapidly. Pet owners should stay vigilant so they can recognise dog heatstroke signs, paving the way for timely and potentially life-saving treatment.
Heatstroke symptoms in dogs can manifest in both behavioural changes and physical symptoms, such as:
Unusual restlessness or excessive lethargy
Disorientation or confusion
Anxious or agitated behaviour
Excessive panting and drooling
Elevated body temperature beyond the normal range
Dry or tacky gums
Rapid pulse and breathing
Vomiting or diarrhoea
Collapse or loss of consciousness
How long does heatstroke last in dogs?
The duration of heatstroke in dogs varies based on how quickly they receive help and how severe the situation is. If caught early and treated properly, it might not last long, and the dog can recover relatively quickly. However, severe cases could lead to lasting health problems, and the recovery process may take days to weeks.
Complications after heatstroke in dogs
After a dog experiences heatstroke, there can be potential complications. Some dogs may recover fully without lasting issues, while others might face more serious problems. Potential complications include:
Organ damage: Heatstroke can harm organs like the kidneys, liver and heart, leading to long-term issues.
Breathing problems: The stress on a dog's respiratory system during heatstroke may result in ongoing breathing difficulties.
Neurological issues: Severe cases might cause damage to the nervous system, leading to problems like seizures or coordination issues.
Dehydration: Even after the initial episode, dehydration may persist, affecting the dog's overall health.
Increased sensitivity to heat: Dogs that have had heatstroke can become more sensitive to heat in the future, making them prone to overheating.
Causes of heatstroke in dogs
Heatstroke in dogs can occur for various reasons, and understanding these causes is crucial for keeping our canine friends safe. When it's hot and humid outside, dogs can struggle to stay cool, potentially leading to heatstroke. Engaging in excessive physical activity during hot weather is another common cause of heatstroke, as dogs may not realise when they need to take a break. Further, if a dog is stuck in a place without good air circulation, like a car with the windows up, they can quickly develop heatstroke. Lastly, if they don't drink enough water, dogs can easily overheat.
Dog breeds prone to heatstroke
Dog breeds with short noses and flat faces, known as brachycephalic breeds, are particularly vulnerable to heatstroke. These include:
Bulldogs
Pugs
Boxers
Shih Tzus
Boston terriers
French bulldogs
Also, dogs with heavy coats, like Huskies, Samoyeds and Chow Chows, may face challenges in regulating their body temperature, especially in warm climates.
How to avoid heatstroke in dogs
Preventing heatstroke in dogs is all about looking out for them. First off, it's good to know the ideal temperature range for dogs, which generally falls between 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. When the weather warms up, providing shade, good ventilation, and plenty of water is key. Regular grooming, especially for heavy-coated breeds, can help with temperature regulation. In terms of exercise, be mindful of the weather conditions. If it's too hot, ensure your dog takes it easy and avoids strenuous activities. And here's a golden rule when you’re travelling with pets: never leave your dog in a parked car, even for a short time. Cars can heat up fast, turning into ovens and putting your furry friend at serious risk.
How to treat heatstroke in dogs
First aid for heatstroke in dogs involves immediate steps to lower their body temperature. A crucial initial action is to move the dog to a cooler environment, away from direct sunlight. Wetting the dog's body with cool water and offering small sips of water can help them to cool down. Applying cool, damp towels to the dog's paw pads, groin, and armpit areas can also help dissipate heat. It's vital to avoid using ice-cold water because this can constrict blood vessels and hinder heat release.
If a dog's condition doesn't improve within a few minutes of first aid or if signs of severe heatstroke persist, immediate professional veterinary care is crucial.
When a dog has heatstroke, vets work to cool them down gradually using methods like giving them fluids through a vein. They closely watch their vital signs, like their heart rate and breathing, and might provide oxygen if needed. Vets also use medications to address specific problems and run tests to check how well the dog's organs are working.
By understanding the signs, implementing preventive measures and respecting the limitations of our dogs in the heat, we can create a safer environment for them. If you think your dog has heatstroke, visit your vet immediately to ensure they get the right care for a full recovery.
